ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. It has become a world standard alphanumeric code for microcomputers and computers. It is a 7-bit code representing 27 = 128 different characters. These characters represent 26 upper case letters (A to Z), 26 lowercase letters (a to z), 10 numbers (0 to 9), 33 special characters and symbols and 33 control characters.
The 7-bit code is divided into two portions, The leftmost 3 bits portion is called zone bits and the 4-bit portion on the right is called numeric bits.
An 8-bit version of ASCII code is known as USACC-II 8 or ASCII-8. The 8-bit version can represent a maximum of 256 characters.
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