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Advanced display technology now provides 3D display monitors for ultimate 3D gaming experience through 3D TV. Till recently, it was all about high definition viewing on HDTV. Now, 3D TV helps you to be with your favorite movie stars in your favorite film, play your favorite game alongside your favorite team, chasing Jerry along with Tom in your favorite show, and much more, all virtually.
What is it? As the name suggests, 3D TV enables the viewer to see the broadcast in 3D. 3D TV is a television set that is used to project a program into a 3D field. The moving video images would be floating in space and the viewer would be able to walk around the images to view them from different angles and maybe even from behind. How does it work?
Television , currently the most common word in household, is misunderstood as a device that just displays programs with visual effects. In reality it is a complex integration of image acquisition, encoding, transmission, reception and display. For 3D TV, it is a little more. There are many different ways of producing 3D effect on TV. The conventional method is by using 3D glasses and special display. This is the technique used in the present 3D TV’s as it is the most feasible. But in the future, unconventional methods such as Lenticular Sheet Display, Barrier Technology, Free Viewpoint Video (FVV) and many more which do not require the aid of viewing glasses, may dominate.
Technologies Involved
Image Capture: An ordinary video camera for electronic motion picture acquisition is enough for image capture. Suppose you are viewing a cube from it’s front face, you can see it’s length and breadth only, not it’s depth. Now if you slightly move your head to the right or left, you get a view of it’s sides and hence, an apparent depth. If you view these two images together, you get the length, breadth and apparent depth. Hence, a 3D image. For conventional 3D TV, stereoscopic cameras, which are essentially two synchronized cameras mounted side by side with separation are used for image capture.
3D Representation: The captured image is represented in 3D using 3D image reconstruction. The amplitude and phase of the coherent light reflected by the object is used for developing image of the object in 3D - the same principle as that of holography. This is exactly how our eyes represent an object in real world. Different types of representation techniques such as depth estimation, segmentation etc. are used to represent the image.
Compression/Coding: The image of the object needs to be compressed or coded so that they can be transmitted. . A 3D image is more compressible than a 2D image as the only addition made to a 2D image to make it 3D are the depth and the parallax. Specific compression algorithms are required for different data types so that the 3D image can be converted to transmissible data. This is because, for our current end to end 3D TV, the capture and display unit must be designed together due to limited technology. Of course, in the future, this constraint may be eliminated.
Transmission: Transmission over different channels require different strategies. But, it is not too different from transmission of conventional video. The video streaming techniques used over the internet are easily compatible for transmission of 3D videos.
Signal Processing and Rendering: In order for the display to show 3D video, the received data in abstract form must be translated into driving signals for the specific 3D display device to be used. This is a challenging process requiring considerable processing. Development of signal processing techniques and algorithms for this purpose is necessary for the successful realization of 3D TV. Each display device will receive the same content but will have different signal processing interfaces for necessary data conversion.
Display: The data received from transmission needs to be ‘unpacked’ for the viewer. For 3D TV, this is a little more complicated. Just as you need to capture the images from two different angles, you need to display it in that way too; to get illusion of depth. Traditional stereoscopic photography consists of creating a 3-D illusion starting from a pair of 2-D images and provide the eyes of the viewer with two different images, representing two perspectives of the same object, with a minor deviation exactly equal to the perspectives that both eyes naturally receive in binocular vision. The 3D glasses give the depth perspective, by sending either of the images to one eye alone. For most of the commercial 3D TVs, including those by SONY, Mitsubishi and Samsung, active shutter/ Liquid crystal glasses are being used for viewing. An active shutter glass contains liquid crystals that block or pass light through them, in synchronization with the display.
Besides its use as television in household, 3D TV has other consumer applications such as 3D gaming and video conferencing. Nonconsumer applications include virtual reality applications, in research and education, industrial design and monitoring, art and transportation. In medicine, it can be used for diagnosis as well as surgery.
Electronics giants like SONY, Samsung, Toshiba, LG electronics, Philips, Panasonic, Mitsubishi, Sharp and Vizio are some of the leading manufacturers of this amazing new technology. In India a 3D TV is priced at around Rs.1.3 to 4.35 lakhs.
With many advances in technology still to emerge, there is a bright new perspective for 3DTV. It is a very pristine technology and will take a few more years to achieve its full potential.
[Contributed by : Akhil Varma]
What is it? As the name suggests, 3D TV enables the viewer to see the broadcast in 3D. 3D TV is a television set that is used to project a program into a 3D field. The moving video images would be floating in space and the viewer would be able to walk around the images to view them from different angles and maybe even from behind. How does it work?
Television , currently the most common word in household, is misunderstood as a device that just displays programs with visual effects. In reality it is a complex integration of image acquisition, encoding, transmission, reception and display. For 3D TV, it is a little more. There are many different ways of producing 3D effect on TV. The conventional method is by using 3D glasses and special display. This is the technique used in the present 3D TV’s as it is the most feasible. But in the future, unconventional methods such as Lenticular Sheet Display, Barrier Technology, Free Viewpoint Video (FVV) and many more which do not require the aid of viewing glasses, may dominate.
Technologies Involved
Image Capture: An ordinary video camera for electronic motion picture acquisition is enough for image capture. Suppose you are viewing a cube from it’s front face, you can see it’s length and breadth only, not it’s depth. Now if you slightly move your head to the right or left, you get a view of it’s sides and hence, an apparent depth. If you view these two images together, you get the length, breadth and apparent depth. Hence, a 3D image. For conventional 3D TV, stereoscopic cameras, which are essentially two synchronized cameras mounted side by side with separation are used for image capture.
3D Representation: The captured image is represented in 3D using 3D image reconstruction. The amplitude and phase of the coherent light reflected by the object is used for developing image of the object in 3D - the same principle as that of holography. This is exactly how our eyes represent an object in real world. Different types of representation techniques such as depth estimation, segmentation etc. are used to represent the image.
Compression/Coding: The image of the object needs to be compressed or coded so that they can be transmitted. . A 3D image is more compressible than a 2D image as the only addition made to a 2D image to make it 3D are the depth and the parallax. Specific compression algorithms are required for different data types so that the 3D image can be converted to transmissible data. This is because, for our current end to end 3D TV, the capture and display unit must be designed together due to limited technology. Of course, in the future, this constraint may be eliminated.
Transmission: Transmission over different channels require different strategies. But, it is not too different from transmission of conventional video. The video streaming techniques used over the internet are easily compatible for transmission of 3D videos.
Signal Processing and Rendering: In order for the display to show 3D video, the received data in abstract form must be translated into driving signals for the specific 3D display device to be used. This is a challenging process requiring considerable processing. Development of signal processing techniques and algorithms for this purpose is necessary for the successful realization of 3D TV. Each display device will receive the same content but will have different signal processing interfaces for necessary data conversion.
Display: The data received from transmission needs to be ‘unpacked’ for the viewer. For 3D TV, this is a little more complicated. Just as you need to capture the images from two different angles, you need to display it in that way too; to get illusion of depth. Traditional stereoscopic photography consists of creating a 3-D illusion starting from a pair of 2-D images and provide the eyes of the viewer with two different images, representing two perspectives of the same object, with a minor deviation exactly equal to the perspectives that both eyes naturally receive in binocular vision. The 3D glasses give the depth perspective, by sending either of the images to one eye alone. For most of the commercial 3D TVs, including those by SONY, Mitsubishi and Samsung, active shutter/ Liquid crystal glasses are being used for viewing. An active shutter glass contains liquid crystals that block or pass light through them, in synchronization with the display.
Besides its use as television in household, 3D TV has other consumer applications such as 3D gaming and video conferencing. Nonconsumer applications include virtual reality applications, in research and education, industrial design and monitoring, art and transportation. In medicine, it can be used for diagnosis as well as surgery.
Electronics giants like SONY, Samsung, Toshiba, LG electronics, Philips, Panasonic, Mitsubishi, Sharp and Vizio are some of the leading manufacturers of this amazing new technology. In India a 3D TV is priced at around Rs.1.3 to 4.35 lakhs.
With many advances in technology still to emerge, there is a bright new perspective for 3DTV. It is a very pristine technology and will take a few more years to achieve its full potential.
[Contributed by : Akhil Varma]
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